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The IND Fulton Street Line is a rapid transit line of the IND Division of the New York City Subway, running from the Cranberry Street Tunnel under the East River through all of central Brooklyn to a terminus in Ozone Park, Queens. The IND Rockaway Line branches from it just east of Rockaway Boulevard. The A train runs express during daytime hours and local at night on the underground portion of the line; it runs local on the elevated portion of the line at all times. The C train runs local on the underground portion of the line at all times except late nights. The line runs primarily along Fulton Street, Pitkin Avenue, and Liberty Avenue. The underground portion, which constitutes the majority of the line, was built for the city-owned Independent Subway System (IND), opening between 1936 and 1956. The elevated portion in Queens was originally part of the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT)'s Fulton Street elevated line; the El in Brooklyn was closed and demolished in stages with the opening of the subway line. ==Description and service== The Fulton Street subway was the Independent System (IND)'s main line from Downtown Brooklyn to southern Queens. Along with the IND Eighth Avenue Line, it was also alternately known as the Washington Heights − East New York Line.〔 Completed from Jay Street to Rockaway Avenue by 1936, further construction was delayed by funding problems due to the Great Depression in the 1930s.〔 This was temporarily solved by federal Works Progress Administration funding starting in 1936. The portion continuing from east of Rockaway Avenue to Crystal Street, not far west of the future Euclid Avenue station, began construction in 1938,〔 and the next portion in 1940. That lasted only a few years, as work on the last portions in Brooklyn was stopped in 1942 shortly after the United States entered World War II, with Broadway − East New York complete but not in operation due to lack of signal equipment, and the remaining stations to Euclid Avenue as unfinished shells.〔 After World War II ended, workers and materials became available for public use again. The badly needed extension to the more efficient terminal at Broadway − East New York (the current Broadway Junction station) opened in December 1946.〔 The last portion of the subway's mainline opened on November 28, 1948, running along Pennsylvania Avenue and Pitkin Avenue to Euclid Avenue near the Queens border. It included access to a new train yard.〔〔〔(Fulton Subway Stations Open After All-Night 'Dry Runs' )〕 Because these stations were completed later than the rest of the line, they received different design features than other IND stations, including different wall tiles and fluorescent lighting.〔〔 Under Fulton Street, the line is mainly single level. Nostrand Avenue is the exception, with the express tracks on the upper level and local tracks on the lower level. During construction, the old, now-demolished BMT Fulton Street Elevated (which the IND line replaced) had to be supported. The stations along Liberty Avenue in Queens, from 80th Street – Hudson Street through Ozone Park – Lefferts Boulevard, as well as the current three-track elevated structure, were built for the elevated Fulton Street Line in 1915 as part of the BMT's portion of the Dual Contracts. The connection to the BMT line from the 80th Street station was severed on April 26, 1956 and the IND was extended east (track direction south) from Euclid Avenue via a connecting tunnel and ramp and new intermediate station at Grant Avenue. The new service to Lefferts Boulveard began three days later.〔〔 On June 28, 1956, the connection to the IND Rockaway Line east of Rockaway Boulevard was opened.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「IND Fulton Street Line」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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